GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE
RAJYA SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2306
TO BE ANSWERED ON 20.03.2025
Climate agreement
2306. DR. ASHOK KUMAR MITTAL:

Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:
(a) whether Government has assessed the impact of certain countries withdrawing from international climate agreements on India’s climate change goals;
(b) if so, the details of disruptions faced in accessing climate finance and technology transfers for clean energy initiatives;
(c) the measures taken to address challenges in international cooperation on climate action and ensure adequate resources for ongoing projects; and
(d) whether Government plans to strengthen domestic mechanisms to mitigate the impact of reduced global cooperation on climate commitments?

ANSWER
MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE
(SHRI KIRTI VARDHAN SINGH)

(a) to (d) In August 2022, India updated its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) according to which target to reduce emissions intensity of its GDP has been enhanced to 45 percent by 2030 from 2005 level, and the target on cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources has been enhanced to 50% by 2030. Moreover, an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3.0 billion tonnes through tree and forest cover will be created by 2030.
India has set for itself the net zero target in 2070. India’s long-term low-carbon development strategy (LT-LeDS) was submitted in November 2022.The strategy rests on seven key transitions to low-carbon development pathways.
These include i) low-carbon development of electricity systems consistent with development,
ii) develop an integrated, efficient and inclusive transport system,
iii) promote adaptation in urban design, energy and material efficiency in buildings, and sustainable urbanisation,
iv) promoting economy-wide decoupling of growth from emissions and development of an efficient, innovative low emission industrial
system, v) development of carbon dioxide removal and related engineering solutions, vi) enhancing forest and vegetation cover consistent with socioeconomic and ecological considerations and vii) economic and financial needs of low-carbon development.
The Government is implementing National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), which is the overarching framework for climate actions. The NAPCC comprises of national missions in specific areas of solar energy, enhanced energy efficiency, water, agriculture, Himalayan ecosystem, sustainable habitat, green India, human health and strategic knowledge on climate change. Six of its nine missions focus on adaptation for enhancing climate resilience of vulnerable communities. All these missions are institutionalized and implemented by their respective Nodal Ministries/Departments through various schemes and programs across many sectors including water, health, agriculture, forest and biodiversity, energy, housing, etc. 34 States have also prepared their State Action Plans on Climate Change consistent with the NAPCC.
As per the UNFCCC and its Paris Agreement and principle of Common But Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR) the developed countries are mandated to provide financial resources and technology to developing countries to help them in their climate actions. Withdrawal of major developing countries will, therefore, affect the availability of international funds for climate change.
Flow of fund and technologies to India has been very low as compared to its ambitious climate commitments. The country has met its requirements largely from its own budgetary resources. The domestic mobilisation of financial resources for climate actions in India is advancing through various initiatives and climate risk disclosure frameworks. The Government of India has included Sovereign Green Bonds (SGrBs) in its overall market borrowings with the aim of mobilising resources for green infrastructure. The proceeds are deployed in public sector projects which help in reducing the carbon intensity of the economy.
The SGrBs worth ₹36,000 crore have been issued by the end of the financial year 2023-24. The RBI’s Framework for Green Deposits encourages financial resources for green activities, while renewable energy projects qualify for priority sector lending. SEBI has introduced a regulatory framework for green debt securities, including transition, blue, and yellow bonds, to support climate-resilient infrastructure. India has announced a “National Manufacturing Mission” to cover small, medium, and large industries. Recognizing our commitment to climate-friendly development, the Mission is for supporting Clean Tech manufacturing. This will improve domestic value addition and build our ecosystem for solar PV cells, EV batteries, motors, and controllers, electrolyzers, wind turbines, very high voltage transmission equipment and grid scale batteries.
Recognizing the importance of nuclear energy in reaching to net-zero, Nuclear Energy Mission for Viksit Bharat has been announced for development of at least 100 GW of nuclear energy by 2047. At least 5 indigenously developed SMRs will be operationalized by 2033. The government has allocated Rs. 20,000 crores for this initiative for the 2025-26 financial year. The National Green Hydrogen Mission represents India’s ambition to emerge as a global leader in the production and export of green hydrogen. The mission aims to achieve a targeted production capacity of 5 million tonnes per annum of Green Hydrogen by 2030.
The Government has allocated approximately Rs. 600 crores for the hydrogen mission in the budget for the year 2025-2026. India provides support to strengthen the domestic Research, Development and Innovation capabilities in the domain of Clean Energy. The thematic areas supported across the country are energy materials, hydrogen and fuel cell, alternative fuels like methanol, clean coal, carbon capture utilization and storage, building energy efficiency, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, smart grid, electric vehicle and energy storage. The research is encouraged to enhance the Technology readiness level to demonstrate device, sub-system and system with increased share of renewable energy.