Factsheet No 60 on Phthalates

Title: Factsheet No 60 on Phthalates
Publication Type: Factsheets
Year of Publication: 2020
Abstract:Phthalates are ubiquitously present and are well known endocrine disrupting chemicals. They are generally effective at very low concentration and are particularly harmful during critical phases of life such as pregnancy (fetal development), infancy, early childhood and adolescence. The hormone system is not fully developed at these stages, and effects could be irreversible and visible only in later phase of life. Phthalates can cross the placental barrier and have been measured in the amniotic fluid in humans. Such an exposure can lead to placental DNA mutation.The different sizes and shapes of phthalates have different effect on hormone receptor proteins and enzymes involved in the synthesis or activation of hormones.